Deionization of water is a process which removes all salts dissolved in water. This process involves passage of water through ion exchange materials to totally remove salt content. There are two ion exchange materials for this purpose.
Another term for deionization is demineralization, thus, demineralised water and deionized water are two similar terms, although the latter is more appropriate. The principle of ion exchange has long been used. Scientists knew about this for ages but only quite recently that this principle has been used extensively for practical purposes. This process has been highly reliable and greatly effective to treat water from minerals, which make water hard.
This process uses resin beads or granules, referred to as ion exchange material or bed, which contains insoluble anions neutralized electrically by sodium cations. This system softens hard water by stripping off calcium and magnesium ions in the water and replacing them with sodium ions.
There different types of equipment used in the process. There is single deionization or multiple deionization bed units. The former mixes positive and negative ion exchangers in one tank, while the latter have separate tanks for cation exchangers and anion exchangers.
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